chartered wealth manager accredited financial analyst financial planner ISO 9001 Accredited Certification Body Training
International Board of Standards - Professional Designations -  Accredited Education.  Creating the World's Leaders in Management ™

 
<< Previous    1...   84  85  [86]  87  88  ...91    Next >>

 

The Stock Exchanges
There are thousands of stocks, but shares of the largest, best-known, and most actively traded corporations generally are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The exchange dates its origin back to 1792, when a group of stockbrokers gathered under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street in New York City to make some rules to govern stock buying and selling. By the late 1990s, the NYSE listed some 3,600 different stocks. The exchange has 1,366 members, or "seats," which are bought by brokerage houses at hefty prices and are used for buying and selling stocks for the public. Information travels electronically between brokerage offices and the exchange, which requires 200 miles (320 kilometers) of fiber-optic cable and 8,000 phone connections to handle quotes and orders.
     How are stocks traded? Suppose a schoolteacher in California wants to take an ocean cruise. To finance the trip, she decides to sell 100 shares of stock she owns in General Motors Corporation. So she calls her broker and directs him to sell the shares at the best price he can get. At the same time, an engineer in Florida decides to use some of his savings to buy 100 GM shares, so he calls his broker and places a "buy" order for 100 shares at the market price. Both brokers wire their orders to the NYSE, where their representatives negotiate the transaction. All this can occur in less than a minute. In the end, the schoolteacher gets her cash and the engineer gets his stock, and both pay their brokers a commission. The transaction, like all others handled on the exchange, is carried out in public, and the results are sent electronically to every brokerage office in the nation.   Stock exchange "specialists" play a crucial role in the process, helping to keep an orderly market by deftly matching buy and sell orders. If necessary, specialists buy or sell stock themselves when there is a paucity of either buyers or sellers. The smaller American Stock Exchange, which lists numerous energy industry-related stocks, operates in much the same way and is located in the same Wall Street area as the New York exchange. Other large U.S. cities host smaller, regional stock exchanges.   

   The largest number of different stocks and bonds traded are traded on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system, or Nasdaq. This so-called over-the-counter exchange, which handles trading in about 5,240 stocks, is not located in any one place; rather, it is an electronic communications network of stock and bond dealers. 

 

 

 The National Association of Securities Dealers, which oversees the over-the-counter market, has the power to expel companies or dealers that it determines are dishonest or insolvent. Because many of the stocks traded in this market are from smaller and less stable companies, the Nasdaq is considered a riskier market than either of the major stock exchanges. But it offers many opportunities for investors. By the 1990s, many of the fastest growing high-technology stocks were traded on the Nasdaq.  

A Nation of Investors
An unprecedented boom in the stock market, combined with the ease of investing in stocks, led to a sharp increase in public participation in securities markets during the 1990s. The annual trading volume on the New York Stock Exchange, or "Big Board," soared from 11,400 million shares in 1980 to 169,000 million shares in 1998. Between 1989 and 1995, the portion of all U.S. households owning stocks, directly or through intermediaries like pension funds, rose from 31 percent to 41 percent.
     Public participation in the market has been greatly facilitated by mutual funds, which collect money from individuals and invest it on their behalf in varied portfolios of stocks. Mutual funds enable small investors, who may not feel qualified or have the time to choose among thousands of individual stocks, to have their money invested by professionals. And because mutual funds hold diversified groups of stocks, they shelter investors somewhat from the sharp swings that can occur in the value of individual shares.
     There are dozens of kinds of mutual funds, each designed to meet the needs and preferences of different kinds of investors. Some funds seek to realize current income, while others aim for long-term capital appreciation. Some invest conservatively, while others take bigger chances in hopes of realizing greater gains. Some deal only with stocks of specific industries or stocks of foreign companies, and others pursue varying market strategies. Overall, the number of funds jumped from 524 in 1980 to 7,300 by late 1998.
     Attracted by healthy returns and the wide array of choices, Americans invested substantial sums in mutual funds during the 1980s and 1990s. At the end of the 1990s, they held $5.4 trillion in mutual funds, and the portion of U.S. households holding mutual fund shares had increased to 37 percent in 1997 from 6 percent in 1979.  

<< Previous    1...   84  85  [86]  87  88  ...91    Next >>

About GAFM ®

  The GAFM International Board of Standards is TUV Accredited and ISO Certified for Quality and ISO 29990 Certified for Training Standards

 

 
Benefits
CEO Message
Qualifying Degrees
Global Advisors
Mission
Ethics
Handbook
Become Provider
TUV Accreditation
Renew Certification
Accreditations

Validate and Verify Member Here

 
 TUV Accredited

 



 

Join our Linkedin Group

LinkedIn.com

 



 Accredited Certified Financial Analyst Chartered Accountant

The GAFM ® Board is the 1st Graduate Certification Body to Become Accredited  and Certified for: ISO 9001 Quality and ISO 29990 Training in the World. GAFM ® owns the former AAFM ® Certifications and Programs

 

 

 

Certified Management Consultant 

Home Certifications Board Recognition Requirements Providers About Contact Us Contact Apply AFAPPC GetCertifiedPPC Benefits Chartered Wealth Manager News How To Use Stock Markets Training Calendar FINRA Application Reg. Payments About Old Events CWM Training Program News UBT University Business Technology Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia - Certification Training Programs 2017 - University Business & Technology In House Training Speakers CEO Message Chartered Certified Economist Certified Financial Analyst FINRA SEC Chartered Wealth Manager Training Verify Member Indonesia Malaysia Guides Informa GAFM Guides Jamaica Qualifying Degrees Global Advisors Membership Mission Ethics Governmental Recognition Links Handbook mfm Financial Planner Program Chartered Economist CCO Higher Institute IP List Become Provider Management Consulting Jobs AAPM TUV Accreditation CWM Chartered Wealth Manager Terms Approved Fin Analyst Degrees Copy of Certification Economics Certification Economics Degrees Management Degrees Finance Degrees Accounting Degrees Exams Renew Certification Continuing Ed Awards Sample Accreditations Honor Society Trademarks Careers Government Jobs Complaint Site Map Mentz George Mentz Lawyer Mentz George Colorado USA Speaker Consultant AFA ® Accredited Financial Analyst Certification CTEP ® Trust and Estate Certification CIPM ® Certified International Project Manager CWM ® Chartered Wealth Manager ® AMA ® Management Accountant Certification AMC ® Management Consulting Certification MMC ® Management Consulting Certification Book

Google Plus 

All Rights Reserved 1996-2017 -  GAFM Global Academy of Finance and Management   & Association for Finance and Management
 Mentzinger Media LLC   Board of Standards - Accreditation and  Certification - Global Certified  Accountants Financial Analysts Institute 
Association of International Financial Accounting  Foregin Relations Public Policy Council  Chartered Wealth Manager
Accredited Financial Analyst Certified Chartered Management Accountant   - Association Institute Academy 
US Department of Labor  - George Mentz
Join us on LinkedIn  - Financial Analyst Training - Chartered Wealth Manager ® - ChE Chartered Economist ®
 
www.GAFM.us * www.GAFM.org
In alliance with the Unincorported Non-Profit Association of Finance and Management USA
 
A financial analyst  securities analyst, research analyst, equity analyst, or investment analyst is a person who performs financial analysis for external or internal clients as a core part of the job. Financial analysis (also referred to as financial statement analysis or accounting analysis or Analysis of finance) refers to an assessment of the viability, stability and profitability of a business, sub-business or project. It is performed by professionals who prepare reports using ratios that make use of information taken from financial statements and other reports. These reports are usually presented to top management as one of their bases in making business decisions. Certification as a financial analyst requires accredited education in finance
 
Management consulting is the practice of helping organizations to improve their performance, primarily through the analysis of existing organizational problems and development of plans for improvement. Organizations may draw upon the services of management consultants for a number of reasons, including gaining external (and presumably objective) advice and access to the consultants' specialized expertise. Becoming certified in management consulting requires proper education experience and credentials.
 
Management accounting or managerial accounting is concerned with the provisions and use of accounting information to managers within organizations, to provide them with the basis to make informed business decisions that will allow them to be better equipped in their management and control functions. Cost accounting is a process of collecting, analyzing, summarizing and evaluating various alternative courses of action. Its goal is to advise the management on the most appropriate course of action based on the cost efficiency and capability. Cost accounting provides the detailed cost information that management needs to control current operations and plan for the future. Certification in management or cost accounting requires education and expertise in accounting.
 
IP/Rights Global